The social division of labor—the division of social roles in society—appears to play a very important role in shaping liminal situations. In less differentiated societies, many liminal situations are more structured and more fully ritualized. Accordingly, different themes of liminality, protest, and antistructure are more fully articulated and, in fact, highly regulated. Max Gluckman’s classical analysis of rituals of rebellion (1963) portrays exactly this type of situation, in which protest, liminality, and antistructure are very closely interrelated, fully structured, and placed in the center of the society. Tribal societies came under stress due to several factors. The extension of commerce, military incursions on tribal land, and the resettling of Brahmins amidst tribal populations had an impact, as did ideological coercion or persuasion to attract key members of the tribe into “mainstream” Hindu society. This led to many tribal communities becoming integrated into Hindu society as jatis (or castes) while others who resisted were pushed into the hilly or forested areas, or remote tracks that had not yet been settled. This book deals with an unstated premise of the twentieth century paradigm for cultural development. This premise is that civilizations are the legitimate teleology of cultural development and that settlement societies like the plantation societies formed from the eighteenth century onwards ought to be considered as resting on the peripheries of developmental process. On the face of it, there is nothing wrong in this premise: in our quest for authenticity and ennobling ideals of human development, we do of course look upon civilizations as the pinnacle. This book contains the fundamental and basic information of subject and the selection of contents makes it an appropriate textbook for the students.
Mahesh Chandra Mishra, b. 1983 a qualified teacher teaching Political Science at J.D. Arya College of Arts and Science Baruna for last seven years obtained his all higher degrees M.A. and M.Phil in Political Science from Lucknow and JNU respectively. He is also pursuing his Ph.D. under Lucknow University.
Introduction • Tribal Societies and Axial Civilizations; Migration In Rural India; The Place of Purpose in the Action of Societies; The Problematic of Culture : India as a Civilization; Globalization of Communication, Media and Local Cultures • Society and Culture Tribal Cultures of India; Aspects Of Saora Culture; Evolution Of Suitable Strategy For Development; Adivasi Contributions to Indian Culture and Civilization; Identity and Culture; Globalization and Tribals in India; Indigenous Cultures; Potentials for the Development; India: The Poverty of the Intellectual Mind and the Enlightened Mind of the Backward Adivasi; Tribal Women in Chhattisgarh beat the Poverty Trap with Fortunes from Traditional Medicines • Civilizations Development and Settlement Societies Tribal Religions History; Rural Housing; National Mission for Rural Housing; Swajaldhara; Central Rural Sanitation Programme; Drought Prone Areas Programme; Desert Development Programme; Council For Advancement Of Peoples Action And Rural Technology; Integrated Tribal Development Agency; Integrated Tribal Development Agency, Paralkhemundi • Tribal Communities: Development and Problems Illiteracy Problems in Rural Indian Areas; Rural transport in India; RTS and urban development; Rural Electrification; Problem Relating to Poverty and Backwardness; Hygiene and Health Problem; Problems of Indian Rural Life; Science and Technology for Rural Development; Major Environmental Problems in Indian Villages; Standard of living in India; Integrated Rural Development Programme; Rural Development Programs; Swarnjayanthi Gram Swarozgar Yojana; Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana; Pradhan Mantri Gram Sadak Yojana • Culture and Social System Culture and Social Integration; Culture As an Energetic Subsystem; The Development of the Cultural Sphere; Impact of the Interface on Tribal Culture; Change in the Culture of Equity; Impact on Women’s Status; Cultural Impact of Global Trade and Market …
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